Mō te Author:
He pūnaha mātauranga te pūtaiao hou e whakahaerehia ana i roto i tētahi huinga matatini, maha-paparanga o ngā umanga ā-motu me ngā umanga ā-ao, ngā kaiwhakaari o te rāngai tūmatanui me te rāngai tūmataiti, me ngā ara kanorau e whakamaori ana i te rangahau hei mahi—mā te auahatanga, te kaupapa here me te horapa o te mātauranga. Engari kei te huri te pūtaiao o nāianei me ōna umanga i raro i ngā awe maha o waho, ngā pānga o ngā hangarau hou me tētahi huinga kaiwhakaari kanorau haere. Kei te neke te pokapū matawhenua o te kaha pūtaiao ki te tonga me te rawhiti, me ngā pānga whānui mō te āhua o te mahi a te pūtaiao ki te whakatairanga i te pai o te iwi whānui. He nui te pānga o te tūranga o te rāngai tūmataiti me tā rātou huarahi motuhake ki ngā whanaketanga o ngā hangarau. Kei te whakawhāitihia e ngā taumahatanga rautaki whenua ngā rohe haumaru mō te mahi tahi ā-ao, e aukati ana i ngā whai wāhitanga mō te whakatupuranga o ngā kaipūtaiao e whai ake nei. Engari i te mea kei te pāngia te pūtaiao, ā, kei te hangaia pea e ngā awe o waho, he mea nui kia kaua te pūtaiao e urupare noa engari kia titiro ki a ia anō ki ngā mahi ka mahia hei tiaki i te tūranga nui o te pūtaiao hei pai mō te iwi whānui o te ao i roto i tētahi ao uaua me te huri haere.
I te wā o te tipu haere o te hihiri o te ao i muri i te hinganga o te Uniana Sōviete i te tau 1991, i kitea he wā o te pikinga ake o te ao whānui, ngā hononga o te Raki-Tonga me te ahunga whakamua hangarau i whakatairanga i tētahi taiao mōhiohio pai, ahakoa kāore i te ōrite. Mō te pūtaiao, i eke pea tēnei ki tōna taumata i te tau 2015 me te hainatanga o te Whakaaetanga o Parī mō te huringa āhuarangi, te whakarewatanga o ngā Whāinga Whakawhanake Tauwhiro (SDG) me te whakaaetanga maha-taha ki te Anga Sendai mō te Whakaiti i ngā Mōrearea Āhuatanga. Mai i taua wā, kua pāngia ngā manapori rīperare e te wehewehenga, te korenga o te ōhanga, te kōrero teka, te manukanuka hekenga me te tūtaki ki ngā taumahatanga whenua-tōrangapū i te mea kua puta mai he taiao rautaki maha-taha. Kei te whakanui haere te pukapuka rautaki whenua i ngā hangarau hou, te kare ā-iwi me ngā whanaungatanga tauhokohoko, kaua ki ngā whanaungatanga rautaki, o te ao. Kua whakararu tēnei i ngā herenga ki tētahi tikanga e ahu mai ana i ngā ture, kei te tautuhi anō i te pūmanawa o ngā whakahaere maha-taha, ā, kei te wero i te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero pūtaiao me te herenga ki te ahu whakamua i ngā take e pā ana ki ngā mea noa o te ao. Ko te pōuri o ngā rārangi i waenga i te pūtaiao, te auahatanga, te ōhanga me te mana whenua-tōrangapū kua whakanui ake i te taumahatanga i waenga i te tuwhera me te haumarutanga. Ko ngā pēhanga ōhanga ki ngā manapori rīperare e whakatuma ana i ngā haumitanga roa ki te pūtaiao, e huri ana i ngā rauemi ki ngā hua tata me ngā āwangawanga mō te haumarutanga, he iti noa te urupare a te marea.
Kua pāngia te whanaungatanga i waenga i te pūtaiao me te hapori e te taiao mōhiohio kua huri, me ngā huringa o ngā whanaketanga hapori, i roto i ngā manapori rīperare. I a te pūtaiao e aro atu ana ki ngā take e pā ana ki ngā hiahia me ngā uara pēnei i te huringa āhuarangi me ngā hangarau werohanga, kua nui ake te aro o te pūtaiao ki te taha tōrangapū. Tērā pea ka arahi tēnei ki te whakaae whiriwhiri i te pūtaiao, ki te whakakore rānei i a ia, ā, ka pāngia te pūtaiao me ngā kaipūtaiao e te whakaekenga tōrangapū. Ahakoa tēnei, kei te tino whakawhirinakihia tonutia te pūtaiao e te nuinga o te hapori.
He mea nui te whakarerekētanga o te whakaputa me te whakawhitiwhiti mātauranga e ngā hangarau, inā koa te mātauranga horihori (AI). Kei te hanga hou te AI i ngā mea ka taea e te pūtaiao, ko wai e whakahaere ana i ngā rangahau, me pēhea te tautuhi me te utu i te hiranga. E whakaatu ana a AlphaFold me pēhea te tere o te whakarerekētanga o tētahi mara mā te putanga kotahi. Kei te whakarerekē te AI i ngā āhuatanga katoa o te mekameka pūtaiao mai i te tohatoha pūtea ki te kitenga ki te pūrongo ki te whakamahi. I te mea kua noho matua te AI me te tātari raraunga nui, me whanake ngā tikanga whakahaere mō te whakahaere me te tiritiri raraunga, me ngā pānga ki te whakamahinga whānui me te mahi tahi o te ao.
Engari ka taea hoki e ngā whanonga o ngā whare pūtaiao te whakararu i te whakawhirinaki. Ko ngā whare pūtaiao tūmatanui me te hapori pūtaiao tonu kei te awe tonu i ngā whakatenatena putanga e pā ana ki te whakaputanga, kaua ki te kaupapa matua o te pūtaiao ki te whakatairanga i te mātauranga me te takoha ki te hapori. Ka taea e ēnei whakatenatena te arahi ki te whakanui rawa i te kaipūtaiao me ā rātou whare ki ngā kereme pānga pea. Kua arahina e te AI te pahūtanga o ngā pepa whakapae me te whakaatu i ngā whanonga āwangawanga i roto i te hapori pūtaiao. Ko ngā tauira pūtea mō te whakaputa pūtaiao me te tere o te horapa o te hapori pūtaiao tino whakataetae kua arahi ki ngā mira pepa, ngā hautaka kaipahua, te whakamahi hē i ngā tuhinga kua whakaritea, me te piki haere o ngā take o te whakaputa anō. Kāore e taea e te arotake ā-hoa tuku iho te whakatau. Mena ka whakararuhia te hītori o te pūtaiao, ka whakararuhia hoki te whakawhirinaki ki te pūtaiao.
Ko te tere o te whanaketanga o ngā hangarau pūtaiao, inā koa ko ngā tūāpapa hangarau mohio-ā-ringa (AI), kei te nuinga o te wā e tupu ana i roto i te rāngai tūmataiti, he kore here, he nui ake i te whakamarie pāpori, me te ranunga o ngā pānga kino me ngā pānga pai. I runga i te tere o te whanaketanga o tēnei hangarau, ka pā pea ki te tirohanga a te hapori ki te hinonga pūtaiao. He nui ake tēnei i ngā hangarau o mua pērā i te whakarerekētanga ira, ā, ka whakamātautau pea i te kirimana pāpori i waenga i te pūtaiao me te hapori.
Kua hangaia tonutia ngā pūnaha pūtaiao e ngā ia o te ao tōrangapū me te ao pāpori, me te tautoko hoki—ahakoa he kaupapa tōrangapū, he kaupapa atawhai, he kaupapa pakihi rānei. I te nekehanga o ngā āhuatanga ōhanga me te ao rautaki, me urutau te haumi a te iwi whānui ki te pūtaiao ki ngā hiahia hurihuri o ngā kaitautoko me ngā kaupapa matua me ngā hangarau hou, me te whakarerekē i te hunga e whakatakoto ana i te kaupapa me te āhua o te whakahaere me te whakamahinga o te rangahau. He pānga nui anō hoki tēnei ki te āhua o te arotahi a te pūtaiao whānui, inā koa ki ōna whakahaere matua, ki ā rātou mahi.
I ngā whenua whakawhanake, kei te aro nui haere ngā kaupapa here mō te pūtaiao, ā, kei te ahu whakamua hoki. Ahakoa i te waenganui o te rautau 20 i arotahi te pūtaiao ki te haumarutanga, te parepare me ngā whakaaro ōhanga, i piki haere hoki te aro ki ngā whāinga whānui o te hapori, tae atu ki te tiaki i ngā pūnaha taiao me te pāpori. Engari i te aroaro o ngā wero ōhanga me te rautaki whenua, kei te tūpono ngā kaupapa here i ēnei whenua ki te hoki whakamuri ki ngā whāinga ōhanga me te haumarutanga o nāianei. Nā tēnei, kua whakararu kē i ngā tikanga o te mahi tahi pūtaiao o te ao.
Me tuku e te pūtaiao tūmatanui ngā mōhiotanga mahi, engari he maha ngā wā ka kore e taea e ngā hanganga whakahaere me ngā hanganga pūtea o nāianei te whakaputa whakatau, kaupapa here rānei hei aro atu ki ngā take e pā ana ki te ao whānui. Nā ngā āhuatanga tōrangapū, he maha ngā kaupapa here tūmatanui e aro ana ki te wā poto, engari ko te pūtaiao me te nuinga o te pūtaiao oranga tonutanga e hiahia ana ki te whakaaro mō te wā roa. I whakaarohia ngā Whāinga Whakawhanake Tauwhiro (SDG) i tētahi wā tino pai ake, engari he hanganga uaua, he whakapoauau hoki. Kāore i te mārama te whakamārama me pēhea te aro atu ki te wero matua o te whakataurite i ngā mahi e hiahiatia ana hei whakanui ake i te oranga o te tangata me te hapori me ngā mea pono me whakaiti me te whakahaere i te tango rauemi.
Nā te korenga o te ahunga whakamua i ngā take o te ao whānui kua akiaki i ngā karanga kia whakatairangahia ngā tauira pūtaiao whānui ake—pērā i ngā huarahi whakawhitiwhiti mātauranga me ngā huarahi whakaputa tahi—e kukume mai ana i ngā kaipupuri hea mai i tua atu i ngā hapori pūtaiao tuku iho. Ehara te arotake ā-hoa whānui i te mea he taputapu pūtaiao, engari he mea nui pea ki te pupuri i tana kirimana pāpori. Kei te aro tonu ngā whakatenatena me ngā hanganga i roto i ngā whakahaere pūtaiao me ngā hongere putea atawhai ki ngā tauira tuku iho, whaiti e ārahihia ana e te urupare, e whakawhāiti ana i te pānga whakarerekētanga. Ko te hiahia kia mōhio ko te hapori e tumanako ana kia whakauruhia te pūtaiao ki roto i a ia, kaua e wehea mai i a ia, he mea nui.
Me mahi tahi ngā whakahaere pūtaiao me ngā kaitāko pūtea a te iwi whānui me ngā kaitāko pūtea atawhai, me ngā whare wānanga me ngā kura ako ki te aro atu ki ngā take o roto i te whare pūtaiao e whakararu ana i te kirimana pāpori mō te pūtaiao. Ko te nuinga o te wā, ko te whakahaere whaiaro a te whare pūtaiao i tua atu i ngā tohu e tika ana mai i ōna kaitautoko, engari kei te tūpono te ngana a ngā pēhanga pāpori me ngā pēhanga tōrangapū ki te whakararu i taua whakahaere whaiaro. Engari ko ngā mea whakatenatena i roto i te pūnaha pūtaiao e arotahi ana ki ngā whanonga me ngā ahurea i roto i ngā huarahi ka taea te whakararu i te whakawhirinaki, te aukati i te mahi tahi, te kore whakaute i ngā hononga ā-ao me te whakararu i te whakapono ki te hītori o te pūtaiao, me aro atu ki ēnei mea katoa. Kāore anō kia arotauhia te taunekeneke i waenga i ngā pūtaiao taiao me ngā pūtaiao pāpori, ā, me aro nui ki te taunekeneke i waenga i ngā hapori pūtaiao ā-iwi me te rāngai tūmataiti.
Kei te tere tipu haere te urunga me te whakahaere raraunga hei take matua mō te mahi tahi pūtaiao. He rerekē ngā tirohanga tōrangapū me ngā tirohanga mahi a ngā rōpū hangarau matua mō ngā raraunga. Engari he hiahia nui kia whakapakarihia te whakahaere raraunga me te whakarite i ngā tiakitanga tūmataiti me te raihana pāpori mō te AI me ngā raraunga nui i roto i te rangahau, me te whānui ake. Ka taea te whakatau i te taupatupatu i waenganui i te mana motuhake o ngā raraunga me te whakamahinga tuwhera, engari ko te hiahia nui kia kitea he huarahi hei whakahaere i ngā hangarau matihiko, koiora-tinana me te pūtaiao ora whakawhiti-rohe e whai pānga nui ana, kei te noho uaua tonu, ā, he wero ina me hono tahi te pūtaiao me te kaupapa tōrangapū.
Ko te pūtaiao o ēnei rā te mea e tata ana ki tētahi reo o te ao, ā, he mahi nui tā te pūtaiao i roto i te mahi tahi ā-ture, ā-whaimana rānei, ki te taha o te kaupapa here, inā koa i a tātou e anga whakamua ana ki te hiahia ki te tirotiro anō i ā tātou huarahi ki te whakahaere i ngā take o te ao whānui, i reira kua whakakapia te hihiri o ngā tekau tau kua pahure ake nei e te whakahawea me te ngaronga o te arotahi i ētahi tāone nui. Engari me whai tikanga te taunekeneke i waenga i te pūtaiao me te kaupapa here, kaua e whai whakaaro nui i roto i tētahi taiao tauwhitinga.
Me whakaaro anō tātou ki te whakangungu me te aromatawai i ngā kaipūtaiao i tēnei ao hangarau. Tērā pea ka whakawhāitihia te kaha mō te mana motuhake hangarau e te urunga atu ki ngā hanganga rorohiko me te hangarau, ko te tikanga ka uaua ake te uru atu ki ētahi momo pūtaiao i te Tonga o te Ao, i ngā iwi iti rānei – me whai rautaki tātou hei whakaiti i taua mōrearea ka arahi noa ki ngā hua kore taurite. Me whakarite e ngā umanga kia whakangungua ngā kaipūtaiao, ā-pāpori me ā-taiao, i roto i ngā wāhanga pēnei i: te raihana pāpori me te kirimana mō te pūtaiao, ngā tikanga matatika, ngā taunekeneke pūtaiao-kaupapa here, ngā taunekeneke me ētahi atu pūnaha mātauranga me te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero pūtaiao.
E whakaatu ana te hītori o te tangata he whakatairanga te mātauranga i te oranga o te hapori ahakoa he pānga kino kāore i te pai i ngā wā katoa. Ka tutuki i te rangahau ngā hiahia o te hapori tae atu ki ngā mea e pā ana ki te haumarutanga, te tiaki me te tipu ōhanga, ā, ka whai wāhi ki te whanaketanga pumau. Engari me noho pono tonu mā roto i tana whanonga, te māramatanga whakawhitiwhiti kōrero me te kawenga. Kaua te pūtaiao e noho mangere i roto i te urupare ki ngā pēhanga o waho, ki ōna uauatanga o roto rānei. Kei te tipu haere te tūranga o te pūtaiao whakawhitiwhiti kōrero, te hinengaro pāpori me ngā pūtaiao hinengaro ki te āwhina i te whakamōhio me pēhea te pupuri i tōna āhua pono. Me whakaaro anō te hinonga pūtaiao ki ana tukanga whakahaere-ake, ngā whakatenatena me te mahi tahi kia noho kaha tonu ki te tuku mātauranga e pono ana, e whai pānga ana hoki ki te hapori.
Ko te heke mai o te pūtaiao e whakawhirinaki ana ki tōna kaha ki te urutau ki ngā āhuatanga hurihuri o te ao rautaki, ki te awhi i ngā tauira whānui o te whakaputa mātauranga, me te whakarerekē anō i ngā kaupapa whakatenatena me te whakahaere kia taea ai e te pūtaiao te mahi tonu ki te tangata hei hinonga pono, whai pānga, me te uru atu ki te ao whānui.
Whakaahua ma te Ngā Whakaahua Getty mō Unsplash+
He wāhanga tēnei tuhinga ipurangi, e whakahaerehia ana i raro i te mahi tahi a te International Science Council (ISC) me Frontiers Policy Labs. "He kāwanatanga hou mō te pūtaiao i te rautau 21"' He raupapa kōrero hihiri tēnei mō te ārahi whakaaro mō te heke mai o te kāwanatanga pūtaiao. Ka neke atu i ngā rangahau mātauranga pakari, ka whakakotahi te kaupapa i ngā reo matua o te ao ki te tuku whakaaro koi, whakaohooho engari e hangai ana ki ngā taunakitanga, me te titiro whakamua. I roto i tēnei mahi, e hiahia ana ia ki te whai wāhi ki te tautuhi i tētahi tauira kāwanatanga pakari, whānui, me te mārama e rite ana mō ngā wero o āpōpō.
Tirohia te pou taketake ki konei.
Pānuihia atu mō te Hononga i te pūtaiao me te kāwanatanga i Amerika Latina me te Karipiana Pānuihia atu mō Ngā mea i whakakitea e te Rā Pūtaiao 2026 mō te upoko e whai ake nei o te kaupapa here pūtaiao Pānuihia atu mō Ngā kaupapa kaupapa-pūtaiao tekau mā toru hei hanga i ngā āmua pumau puta noa i Āhia-Ahitereiria 
